2021年考研英语阅读真题(一)Text2——三刷的思路(2021年考研英语一难度分析)

2021年考研英语阅读真题(一) text 2——三刷的思路
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一、为能够准确地定位问题,数一数全文一共由几个段落组成,标上序号,全文有8段。
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二、因最后一题多问的是中心主旨,中心主旨在第一、二段,甚至在题干中可能出现,有百分之八十的可能,若最后一题问的是段主旨,在第一段也可有迹可寻,因为整个文章是一体的:
中心主旨题的标志mainly about /discuss;the best title;the purpose、the subject of
 30.what is the text centered on?
a.the effects of a program.
  b.the debates over a program.
  c.the process of a study.
  d.the transferability of a study.
centered on以…为中心; 重点在于…,主要与…有关;
从选项中将ab分为一组,中心是a program;cd分为一组,中心是a study。
30.文本的重点是什么?
  a.项目的效果。
  b.关于项目的讨论。
  c.研究的过程。
d.研究的可转移性。
文章出现the effects of a program、 the process of a study.本文是研究性的文章,对研究性文章,文章多出现 study/ research,并且前几段都在讲研究的对象/过程或错误观点,文章是分总结构,主旨在最后:
a、倒数第二段第一句
b、最后一段第一句和最后句,最好能找到show、 found that/ concluded that/ make a assertion、等等标志词。
【8段】1whether this research?translates elsewhere is anybodys good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide?emissions alone is more than the program costs. 该研究表明项目的结果。
and regardless of transferability无论是否具有可转让性,可把d.the transferability of a study.排除。答案从ab组中找,二选一,a.the effects of a program. b.the debates over a program. 8段3说的是这个项目的效果。显然a是正确答案。
这是一道地地道道的洋八股:提出问题,从反面、正面分析,得出结论。文章是分总结构,主旨在最后。同2010年text3 几乎一样的结构。
2010年考研英语阅读真题(一) text3
35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?
[a] the eagerness to be accepted.
[b] the impulse to influence others.
[c] the readiness to be influenced.
[d] the inclination to rely on others.
社会影响的动态变化中,最基本要素是什么?
a.被人接纳的渴望。
b.影响他人的冲动。
c.受人影响的意愿。
d.依赖他人的倾向。
这是研究性文章,文章多出现 study/ research,并且前几段都在讲研究的对象/过程或错误观点,文章是分总结构,主旨在最后:
a、倒数第二段第一句
b、最后一段第一句和最后句,最好能找到 found that/ concluded that/ make a assertion等等标志词。
5段②they found that the principal requirement for what is called “global cascades”——the widespread propagation of influence through networks——is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people. 他们发现,如果要实现所谓的“全球风暴”——通过网络使影响得到广泛传播——最主要的条件不是几个有影响力的人士的存在,而是一大批容易受影响的人群的参与。可见,社会影响动态变化的基本要素是有受人影响的意愿,故c选项正确。
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31. by citing the book the tipping point, the author intends to
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作者援引《引爆点》一书的用意是:社会影响动态变化的基本要素,——讲研究的对象。
32. the author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”
作者认为“二级传播理论”——过程或错误观点
33. what the researchers have observed recently shows that
研究人员近期的观察表明——过程或正确观点,
recently shows在时间上对比,近期的观察表明“二级传播理论”是错误观点。
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三、听懂人话(看看题干,审题,看出题老师问了你什么?文章的中心是什么,结构是什么?方向是什么,反复提到的是重点。)
26.according to the first two paragraphs,?cct?programs aim to_____.(细节)
27.the study based on an area in mexico is cited to show that_____.(be cited是例证题标志)
28.in his study about?indonesia, ferraro intends to find out_____(例证)
29.according to ferraro, the?cct program?in indonesia?is most valuable?in that_____.(因果)
26.根据前两段,cct计划的目标是干什么_____。
27.这项基于墨西哥一个地区的研究被引用来证明什么_____。
28.在他关于印度尼西亚的研究中,费拉罗打算找出_____。
29.根据费拉罗(ferraro)的说法,印度尼西亚的cct计划在最有价值是因为_____。
cct program在题干中反复提到,是重点。
29?according to ferraro, the cct program in indonesia is most valuable in that说的是cct计划好,最有价值in indonesia。28,29都在?indonesia,它们说的是一回事,29.说的是cct计划好,28不会例外,也说的是cct计划好。
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27.28是两个例证题,从两个方面来研究cct programs,28是好,27的答案是不好的,负面的。
四、顺藤摸瓜,根据中心:顺藤是顺着题干这根藤,摸到答案。也就是说:问什么答什么。根据题干的具体情况和提示信息,利用不同的解题方法回到原文逐一寻找每一道题的准确答案信息来源或依据。答案必须有依据。
26.according to the first two paragraphs, cct programs aim to_do sth.___.(细节)
  a.facilitate health care reform.
  b.help poor families get better off.
  c.improve local education systems.
d.lower deforestation rates.
26.根据前两段,cct程序的目标是_____。
  a.促进医疗改革。
  b. 助贫困家庭获得更好的生活。
  c.改善当地的教育体系。
  d.降低森林砍伐率。
【答案】在文章中,这位于cct出现的地方,可能有表目地的不定式,从句。
根据题干中cct programs,定位在【2段】2these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. 这些社会援助计划被称为有条件现金转移或cct,旨在减少不平等现象并打破贫困循环。
these social assistance programs, these指代词,是出答案的红花词,are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty表示目地.
题干cct programs aim to_do sth. = are designed to与选项b.help poor families get better off.是对“are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty”同义转换。poverty=poor。
【1段】1last year marked the third year in a row?of that indonesia’s bleak rate of deforestation has slowed in pace. 2one reason for the turnaround may be the countrys antipoverty program.
in a row连续地
bleak [bli:k] adj.暗淡的,无望的; 阴冷的
去年是印尼连续第三年森林砍伐速度低迷。扭亏为盈的原因之一可能是该国的反贫困计划。
【2段】1 in 2007, indonesia started phasing in program that gives money to its poorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keep kids in school or get regular medical care. 2called conditional cash transfers or ccts, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality and break the cycle of poverty. theyre already used in dozens of countries worldwide. 3in indonesia, the program has provided enough food and medicine to substantially?reduce severe growth problems among children.
2called conditional cash transfers or ccts分词短语,做状语。
2007年,印度尼西亚开始逐步实施该计划,该计划在某些条件下向最贫困的居民提供资金,例如要求人们让孩子上学或接受定期医疗服务。这些社会援助计划被称为有条件现金转移或cct,旨在减少不平等现象并打破贫困循环。它们已在全球数十个国家和地区使用。在印度尼西亚,该计划提供了足够的食品和药品,以大大减少儿童中严重的成长问题。
phase?in逐步采用;
27.the study based on an area in mexico is cited to show that_____.(例证题)
b e cited to show表明是例证题,答案在mexico前找。
  a.cattle rearing has been a major means of livelihood for the poor.
  b.cct programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles.
  c.antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers.
d.economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation.
27.引用了在墨西哥一个地区进行的研究,结果表明_____。
  a.养牛一直是穷人的主要谋生手段。
  b.cct计划 助他保持了传统生活方式。
  c.扶贫工作需要当地农民的参与。
  d.经济增长往往会导致环境恶化。
方法一、结构上入手。
在分析题干时可以看到时:29?according to ferraro, the cct program in indonesia is most valuable in that说的是cct计划好,最有价值。28,29都在?indonesia,它们说的是一回事,29.说的是cct计划好,28不会例外,也说的是cct计划好。
27.28是两个例证题,从两个方面来研究cct programs,28是好,27的答案是不好的,负面的。
首先看看abc,内容正派,不坏,方向不对。d.中有degradation。若不认识也没关系,de-前缀,表示向下,否定,加强。答案可能为d.
degradation [?deɡr??de??n] 堕落,落魄; 恶化。
方法二、由题干中mexico定位在四段3the only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in mexico that had instituted ccts, supported the traditional view. 之前基于因果关系在墨西哥建立了cct的地区的唯一 一项因果关系分析研究支持了传统观点。
the only previous study是在时间上对比。
时间对比的题型:过去与现在,中心主旨在现在,表示过去是错的。
traditional view指的是【3段】2in fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals。
【4段】1thats because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation(“这是因为经济增长可能与环境恶化相关”
)是对【3段】2的解释说明。environmental degradation与d.economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation意思相同.选项中甚至友善地没有将environmental degradation进行同义替换。
【葵花宝典】例证题到前面找答案。
traditional view言外之意是不正确的。下一部分要找正确的看法。
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【3段】1but cct programs dont generally consider effects on the environment. 2in fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed as conflicting goals, says paul ferraro, an economist at johns hopkins university. 
但是cct程序通常不会考虑对环境的影响。约翰?霍普金斯大学的经济学家保罗?费拉罗说,实际上,减轻贫困和环境保护常常被视为矛盾的目标。
【4段】1thats because economic growth can be correlated with environmental degradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated with greater poverty. 2however, those correlations dont prove cause and effect. 3the only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in mexico that had instituted ccts, supported the traditional view. 4there, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, ferraro says.
这是因为经济增长可能与环境恶化相关,而保护环境有时与更大的贫困相关。但是,这些相关性并不能证明因果关系。之前基于因果关系在墨西哥建立了cct的地区的唯一一项因果关系分析研究支持了传统观点。费拉罗说,在那里,随着人们获得更多的钱,其中一些人可能会拥有更多的耕地,以便养牛来饲养肉。
28.in his study about indonesia,?ferraro intends to find out_____.
  a.its acceptance level of ccts.
  b.its annual rate of poverty alleviation.
  c.the relation of ccts to its forest loss.
d.the role of its forests in climate change.
28.费拉罗(ferraro)在研究印尼时打算找出_____。
  a.cct的接受程度。
  b.其每年的扶贫速度。
  c.ccts与森林损失的关系。
  d.其森林在气候变化中的作用。
方法一、“traditional view”言外之意是不正确的。下一部分要找经济增长ccts与环境恶化的看法。答案显然是c.
27中说的是经济增长往往导致环境退化.28是与27对照的,可能是?ferraro 打算找到cct与环境的关联,从而才有29的结论:印度尼西亚的cct计划最有价值。因此答案是:c. the relation of ccts to its forest loss.中包含环境问题,可能是答案。
方法二 、定位点:indonesia、ferraro, wanted to see= intends to find out定位在五段2ferraro wanted to see if indonesias poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation费拉罗想看看印尼的减贫计划是否正在影响森林砍伐。
答案是c.the relation of ccts to its forest loss. deforestation,de-否定。
【5段】 1such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though. 2ferraro wanted to see if indonesias poverty-alleviation program was affecting deforestation.3 indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in the world and one of the highest deforestation rates.
though在句首出现,表示虽然,在逗号后出现,表转折。
但是,此类程序不必对环境造成负面影响。费拉罗想看看印尼的减贫计划是否正在影响森林砍伐。印度尼西亚是世界第三大热带森林地区,也是毁林率最高的国家之一。
29.according to ferraro, the cct program in indonesia is most valuable in that_____.(因果)
  a.it will benefit other asian countries.
  b.it will reduce regional inequality.
  c.it can protect the environment.
d.it can boost grain production.
 29.根据费拉罗(ferraro)的说法,印度尼西亚的cct计划在这方面最有价值。
  a.它将使其他亚洲国家受益。
  b.它将减少区域不平等。
  c.它可以保护环境。
  d.它可以促进谷物生产。
28说的是ccts与森林损失的关系,由题干“ is most valuable in that”,c.it can protect the environment.逻辑上自恰。【6段】3with that, ferraro says“我们看到该计划与减少30%的森林砍伐有关,”. 也证实我们的推理。6段,8段2and regardless of transferability, the study shows that whats good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide?emissions alone is more than the program costs. 而且,无论是否具有适应性,该研究表明,仅对二氧化碳排放而言,对人有好处的事也可能对避免砍伐森林的价值有好处,超出了项目的成本。也证实我们的推理。
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【6段】1ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to 2012-including during indonesias phase-in of the antipoverty program-in 7, 468 forested vi
2021年考研英语阅读真题(一)Text2——三刷的思路(2021年考研英语一难度分析)插图
llages across 15 provinces and multiple islands. 2the duo separated the effects of the cct program on forest loss from other factors, like weather and macroeconomic changes, which were also affecting forest loss. 3with that, ferraro says. 
费拉罗(ferraro)分析了卫星数据,这些数据显示了从2008年到2012年的年度森林损失,包括印度尼西亚在实施反贫困计划期间(遍及15个省和多个岛屿的468个森林村庄)。两人将cct计划对森林损失的影响与其他因素(如天气和宏观经济变化)分开,这些因素也影响森林损失。这样一来,“我们看到该计划与减少30%的森林砍伐有关,” ferraro说。
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由27,28,29可知cct导致环境退化或它保护环境,那么文章的中心是:两个方面都有。
30.what is the text centered on?
  a.the effects of?a program.
  b.the debates over a program.
  c.the process of a study.
d.the transferability of a study.
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本文的中心话题是cct? program,从选项a.b中选,因为它们提到了cct? program。 b.the debates over a program.显然是错的,因为已经开始,只是看看它的效果。
二分法的文章,中心含两方面。只有a.the effects of?a program.
含两方面,是正确的选项。
【7段】thatt prove cause and effect. the only previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in mexico that had instituted ccts, supported the traditional view. there, as people got more money, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat, ferraro says.
这是因为经济增长可能与环境恶化相关,而保护环境有时与更大的贫困相关。但是,这些相关性并不能证明因果关系。之前基于因果关系在墨西哥建立了cct的地区的唯一一项因果关系分析研究支持了传统观点。费拉罗说,在那里,随着人们获得更多的钱,其中一些人可能会拥有更多的耕地,以便养牛来饲养肉。
【8段】1whether this research?translates elsewhere is anybodys guess. ferraro suggests the results may transfer to other parts of asia, due to commonalities such as the importance of growing rice and market access.2and regardless of transferability, the study shows that whats good for people may also be good for the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide?emissions alone is more than the program costs.
2 the study主语,shows谓语,that宾语从句,从句中what引导主语从句。
这项研究是否可以适用到其他地方,谁也说不准。ferraro提出这种成果可适应于其它亚洲国家,在那里水稻种植和市场准入同样的重要。而且,无论是否具有适应性,该研究表明,仅对二氧化碳排放而言,对人有好处的事也可能对避免砍伐森林的价值有好处,超出了项目的成本。
【葵花宝典】
时间对比的题型:过去与现在,中心主旨在现在,表示过去的有used to ,traditional, conventional, old/ early, during the past, in the past ,over the past.
表示比较近的时间单词有:today ,new ,now, no longer , during the past, in the past ,over the past.
二分法的文章,中心含两方面。

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