考研考博-英语-北京信息科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解4.docx(考研考博英语很重要吗)
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京信息科技大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为word可编辑，若为pdf皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第i卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.写作题
directions:chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.
1.“allyouneedinthislifeisignoranceandconfidence;thensuccessissure.”howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainhowtocultivateconfidenceandachievesuccess.
2.itisgenerallybelievedthatreadingiscrucialtothinkingindependently.doyouagreeordisagree?illustrateyourpointsofviewontherelationshipbetweenreadingandthinking.
【答案】略
2.单选题
whatyouoverheardthatdaydidhavesomethingtodowithmartin（
）.
问题1选项
a.inaway
b.intheway
c.ontheway
d.outoftheway
【答案】a
【解析】考查词组辨析。inaway意为“在某种程度上”；intheway意为“妨碍”；ontheway意为“在途中，接近”；outoftheway意为“偏远”。句意:你那天无意中听到的事确实与马丁在某种程度上有关。
3.单选题
thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness.
问题1选项
a.retarding
b.perusing
c.detaining
d.attaining
【答案】d
【解析】考查动词辨析。a项retard“延迟，阻止，妨碍”，b项peruse“详细考察，精读”，c项detain“拘留，留住，耽搁”，d项attain“达到，实现，获得”。由afun-filled,pain-freelifeequalshappiness“充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活等于幸福”，结合actually“实际上”可知，reducestheirchancesofever______realhappiness表示“减少获得真正幸福的机会”符合语境。句意:人们相信充满乐趣、没有痛苦的生活就等于幸福，这实际上减少了他们获得真正幸福的机会。因此，该题选择d项正确。
4.单选题
once（）,thispowerstationwillsupplyalltheneighboringtownsandvillageswithelectricity.
问题1选项
a.itbeingcompleted
b.completed
c.completed
d.itcompletes
【答案】c
【解析】句意:这座电站一建成竣工，就将向周围城乡供电。
语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后面句子已经完整，因此逗号前面是动词的非谓语形式。整个句子主语是“thispowerstation”，因此其与待选的动词之间是被动关系。当once是做副词吋，后面接过去分词表被动，且因主语一致则省略主语，once后应该为“completed”。
5.单选题
the（）younghopefulswerepushedasideinthescrambleforjobs.
问题1选项
a.respected
b.inexperienced
c.premature
d.distinguished
【答案】b
【解析】句意:在求职竞争中,没有经验但年轻有志者都被挤掉了。
考查形容词辨析。respected受尊敬的;inexperienced无经验的,不熟练的;premature早产的,不成熟的;distinguished著名的,高贵的。因此b符合句意。
6.不定项选择题
goodsenseisthemostequitablydistributedthingintheworld,foreachmanconsidershimselfsowellprovidedwithitthateventhosewhoaremostdifficulttosatisfyineverythingelsedonotusuallywishtohavemoreofitthantheyhavealready.itisnotlikelythateveryoneismistakeninthis;itshows,rather,thattheabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen,andthusthatouropinionsdiffernotbecausesomemenarebetterendowedwithreasonthanothers,butonlybecausewedirectourthoughtsalongdifferentpaths,anddonotconsiderthesamethings,foritisnotenoughtohaveagoodmind:whatismostimportantistoapplyitrightly.thegreatestsoulsarecapableofthegreatestvices;andthosewhowalkveryslowlycanadvancemuchfurther,iftheyalwayskeeptothedirectroad,thanthosewhorunandgoastray.
formypart,ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway.ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen.andiknowofnootherqualitiesthanthesewhichmakefortheperfectionofthemind;forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts,iamquitewillingtobelievethatitiswholeandentireineachofus,andtofollowinthecommonopinionofthephilosopherswhosaythattherearedifferencesofmoreorlessonlyamongtheaccidents,andnotamongtheforms,ornatures,ortheindividualsofasinglespecies.
11.accordingtotheauthor,thethreeelementsthatcomprisetheperfectmindare（）.
a.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind
b.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind
c.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought
d.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought
12.thebasicideaofthefirstparagraphmaybestatedasfollows:（）.
a.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn
b.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil
c.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense
d.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson
13.abouthimselftheauthorstatesthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.
a.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons
b.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience
c.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons
d.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway
14.theauthorclaimsthatwhatsetshumanbeingsapartfrombeastsis（）.
a.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate
b.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings
c.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality
d.asenseofreason
15.accordingtotheauthor,theabilitytodistinguishbetweenthetrueandthefalseis（）.
a.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures
b.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons
c.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers
d.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons
问题1选项
a.tenacityofthought,capaciousmemory,quicknessofmind
b.preciseimagination,tenacityofmemory,quicknessofmind
c.quicknessofwit,easeofconscience,quicknessofthought
d.promptnessofmemory,distinctnessofimagination,quicknessofthought
问题2选项
a.allpersonshaveanequalportionofgoodwillwhentheyareborn
b.greatsoulsarecapableofgreatevil
c.goodsense,intermsofitsdistributionamongpersons,maybecalledcommonsense
d.goodsenseisthemarkofthetrulygoodperson
问题3选项
a.hehadalwayssensedhismentalsuperiorityovermostpersons
b.hisawarenessofhismentalsuperiorityoverotherwassomethingthatgrewslowlywithexperience
c.heactuallyregardshisownmentalfacultiesasinferiorinmanywaystothoseofthegreatmajorityofpersons
d.hehasneverhadthefeelingthathismindwasmoreperfectthanaverageinanyway
问题4选项
a.asenseoforganizationcombinedwiththeabilitytocreate
b.theabilitytoadapttothesurroundings
c.asenseofreasoncoupledwithastrongsenseofpracticality
d.asenseofreason
问题5选项
a.endowedbynaturetoallcreatures
b.endowedinequalmeasuretoallpersons
c.moreheavilypresentinsomepersonsthaninothers
d.anunnatural,cultivatedtraitinallpersons
【答案】第1题:d
第2题:a
第3题:d
第4题:d
第5题:b
【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由文章第二段开头可知，“我”从未认为自己的理智比一般人更完美，由此可推断接下来作者将介绍完美理智的特点。由ihave,infact,oftenwishedthatmythoughtswereasquick,ormyimaginationaspreciseanddistinct,ormymemoryascapaciousorprompt,asthoseofsomeothermen（事实上，我常常希望我的思想能像别人那样敏捷，我的想象力能像别人那样精确而清晰，我的记忆力能像别人那样丰富而迅速）可以推断，作者认为完美的理智需要的是敏捷的思维、精确清晰的想象力和快速的记忆力，因此d选项符合题意。
第2题:主旨大意题。第一段介绍了人们的理智是bynatureequalinallmen（天生就是平等的），之所以意见不一致，是因为思维方向不同，因此a选项“人生来就有着同样的善意”符合题意。
第3题:事实细节题。由文章第二段第一句formypart,ihaveneverpresumedmymindtobemoreperfectthanaverageinanyway（就我而言，我从来没有认为我的头脑比一般人更完美）可知d选项“他从未觉得自己的头脑比一般人更完美”符合题意。
第4题:事实细节题。由第二段第三句中的forastoreason,orgoodsense,inasmuchasitalonemakesusmenanddistinguishesusfromthebeasts（因为只有理智才能使我们成为人，才能使我们区别于野兽）可知d选项“理智”正确。
第5题:事实细节题。由文章第一段第二句中的theabilitytojudgerightlyandseparatethetruefromthefalse,whichisessentiallywhatiscalledgoodsenseorreason,isbynatureequalinallmen（人们辨别是非的能力，就其本质而言即理性，天生就是平等的）可知b选项“被平等地赋予所有人”正确。
7.单选题
ifyouwanttoseethefutureofbroadbandcommunications,looktothestars.theheavenscouldsoonbefilledwithmorethan400satellitesprovidinginternetuserswithlowcost,direct-to-the-homeconnectionsthatarehundredsoftimesfasterthantoday’sdial-upmodems.withunobstructedviewsofvirtuallytheentireworld,satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.
thenewbreedofsatelliteswillactaspowerfulsignalrepeatersinthesky,receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.costingfarlessperunitcapacitythanmostsatellitesnowinservice,theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologiesthatwillimprovethecapacity,reliabilityandsecurityofdatacommunications.moreover,becausethesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.
twotypesofsatellitesystemshavebeenproposed.geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth’srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.theywillcommunicatewithfixedorientationdishantennasattachedtocustomers’homesanduseadvancedsignalprocessingtocompensatefortransmissiondelayscausedbythegreatdistancestheirradiosignalsmusttravel.low—earthorbit(leo)satellites,incontrast,willcircletheglobeonceeverytwohoursataltitudesunder1,500kilometers,reducingthetimeneededtobeamsignalstoandfromtheearth’ssurface.buttheywillrequiresophisticatedsubscriberantennasabletotrackandcommunicatewiththefastmovingleosatellites.
bothtypesofsatelliteswillavoidmanyofthecomplicationsthatplagueground-basednetworks.specificadvantagesincludethefollowing.
thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.digitalsubscriberline(dsl)signalsdecayonlongtelephonelinesoronthoseofpoorquality.localmultipointdistributionservice(lmds)signalscannotpenetrateleafytrees,buildingsorotherobstructions.cableperformancedeterioratesiftoomanyhouseholdsinaneighborhoodlogonatthesametime.fiber-to-the-homeissocostlyasaretrofitthatisusuallyconsideredeconomicallyviableonlyfornewhousingconstruction.foruptoonethirdofthepopulationintheu.s.andanevengreaterportionworldwide,satellitetechnologywillnotsimplybeachoice,itwillbethechoice.
1.whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?
2.allofthefollowingismentionedasthenewtypeofsatellitesisdescribedexcept（
）.
3.whydoesageostationarysatelliteappeartobeimmobile?
4.whatadvantagedoesthelastparagraphintendtofocuson?
问题1选项
a.satelliteswillmaketheaccesstotheinternetcheaperandmoreconvenient.
b.satellitescostlessthantoday’sdial-upmodems.
c.satelliteswillbesuperiortoground-basednetworkstodeliverinteractivebroad-bandservices.
d.ground-basedantennascansendradiotransmissions.
问题2选项
a.narrowradiobeamswillbeused
b.newdigitaltechnologieswillbetaken
c.thesystemsofthemwillworkatextremelyhighradiofrequencies.
d.theirsignalscanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.
问题3选项
a.becauseitisfixedallthetime.
b.becauseitsorbitspeedisthesameastheearth’srotation.
c.becauseitspositionisabovetheequator.
d.becauseitcancommunicatewithfixed-orientationdishantennas.
问题4选项
a.satellitescanimprovetheavailabilityoftheinternet.
b.totransmitthedslsignalswithoutdelay.
c.theirsignalscanpenetrateobstructions.
d.lowcost
【答案】第1题:b
第2题:d
第3题:b
第4题:a
【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“providinginternetuserswithlowcost”可知选项a正确；根据第一段最后一句“…satellitesarepoisedtodeliverinteractivebroadbandservicesinwaysevenadvancedground-basednetworkswillbehard-pressedtomatch.卫星静止不动的以先进的地面网络也难以匹敌的方式提供交互式宽带服务。”选项c符合原文。根据第二段第一句“receivingandresendingradiotransmissionsfromground-basedantennas.接收和重新发送来自地面天线的无线电传输。”选项d符合原文。只有选项b在文中没有提及，所以不正确。
2.细节事实题。根据第二段倒数第二句“theywillemploynewdigitaltechnologies.”可知选项b正确；以及最后一句“thesystemswilloperateatextremelyhighradiofrequencies,theywillusenarrowradiobeamscapableofcommunicatingwithultrasmallantennasthatcanbeeasilymountedonmosthomes.该系统将在极高的无线电频率下运行，它们将使用能够与超小型天线通信的窄无线电波束，这种天线可以很容易地安装在大多数家庭中。”选项a和c符合原文；选项d中的“signals”与原文中的“antennas”不符，所以不正确。
3.细节事实题。根据关键词“geostationarysatellite”定位到第三段第二句“geostationarysatelliteswillorbit36,000kilometers22,000milesabovetheequatoratthesamespeedastheearth’srotationandthusappearfromthegroundtobestationary.地球同步卫星将以与地球自转相同的速度绕赤道上空36000公里、22000英里的轨道运行，因此从地面上看是静止的。”由此可知，选项b符合原文。
4.判断推理题。根据最后一段的首句“thedirtylittlesecretofbroadbandisthatthetechnicallimitationsofgroundbasednetworkswillseverelyrestrictavailability.宽带的一个不为人知的小秘密是地面网络的技术限制将严重限制其实效性。”接下是进行具体的举例说明，最后提及:卫星技术将不仅仅是被选择，而是必须选择。所以由此推断，最后一段的重点是强调卫星可以提高互联网的可用性。选项a正确。
8.单选题
noformofgovernmentintheworldis（）;eachsystemreflectsthehistoryandpresentneedsoftheregionorthenation.
问题1选项
a.dominant
b.influential
c.integral
d.drastic
【答案】a
【解析】形容词词义辨析。dominant“显性的，占优势的”；influential“有影响力的，有势力的”；integral“完整的，整体的”；drastic“激烈的，猛烈的”。句意:世界上没有任何一种政府形式是占优势的，每一种制度都反映了该地区或民族的历史和现实需要。选项a符合题意。
9.不定项选择题
microsoftisnolongertheworld’sbiggestcompanybymarketcapitalization.thereotheru.scompanieshaveovertakenthesoftwaregiantintermsofstockmarketvalue.thefirm’svaluehasgonedownsharplyby41%sofarthisyear,fromnearly$600billionto$358billion.muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.ithasbeenovertakenbygeneralelectric,nowworth$506billion,intel,worth$441billionandciscosystems,$436billion.
overthepastyearmicrosoftshareshavemoveddownwardsfromahighof$120to$68inearlytradingon7june.meanwhilerivalciscohasseenitssharepriceriseby$25tomorethan$60asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheinternet.andformostoftheyearithasbeencompetingwithcomputerchipmakerintelforthesecondplace.intel’spentiumchipsarewidelyusedinpersonalcomputersworldwide.
thecompanythatnowholdsthetitleoftheworld’biggestcompanyisanindustrialgiantwhichmakeseverythingfromtoasterstojetengines.gehassalesof$110billion—nearlytentimesthatofmicrosoftand340,000employeesworldwide.ithasseenitsprofitsgrowby15%ayearto$11billion.gecapitalservices,itsfinancialsubsidiary,makeupnearlyhalfitssales.geproducespowergenerationsystems,locomotive,medicalimagingequipmentandelectricalappliances.italsoowntheu.stelevisionnetworknbcanditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,cnbc,andironically,ajointventurewithmicrosofttoprovidenewsontheinternet.
microsoft’ssharesnowfaceafurtherperiodofuncertaintyasthecompany’slegalbattlecontinues.itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.theseattlebasedfirmislikelytogotoanappealscourtonanyrulings.itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.
1.microsoft’ssharesaredevalueddrasticallyowingto（
）.
2.ciscosystem’ssharepricehasrisenconsiderably（
）.
3.whichisnowthesecondbiggestcompanyintheunitedstates?
4.whichofthefollowingcompaniesisownedbygeneralelectricandmicrosofttogether?
5.whyisitdifficultformicrosofttoretainemployees?
问题1选项
a.fiercecompetitionfromrivals
b.itsinvolvementinalawsuit
c.thecourtrulings
d.thedecreaseinsalesvolume
问题2选项
a.afterithasovertakenpartofmicrosoft’sshares
b.afterithasbeatenintelandrisentothesecondplace
c.sinceithasgainedafirmfootinginthemarket
d.becauseitisdevelopingjointlywithmicrosoft
问题3选项
a.generalelectric
b.intel
c.ciscosystems
d.gecapitalservices
问题4选项
a.gecapitalservices
b.nbc
c.cnbc
d.msnbc
问题5选项
a.becauseitfacesanuncertainfuture.
b.becauseitwillhaveprobleminnovatingitself.
c.becauseitwillhaveproblempayingthem.
d.becauseitmaybeboughtupbyitscompetitorsoneday.
【答案】第1题:b
第2题:c
第3题:b
第4题:c
第5题:a
【解析】第1题:事实细节题。题干:微软公司市值急剧下降的原因是……。a选项“与对手的激烈竞争”；b选项“卷入到一场诉讼中”c选项“法院裁决”；d选项“销售量的下降”根据题干定位到第一段倒数第二句话muchofthereasonforthefallhasbeentheuncertaintypromptedbytheon-goinganti-trustcase.（股价下跌的主要原因是正在进行的反垄断案引发的）。所以答案是b，文中没有提到法院的裁决所以不能选c。
第2题:事实细节题。题干:思科系统公司的股价上升……。a选项“在它超过了微软的部分股份之后”；b选项“在击败英特尔并上升到第二位之后”；c选项“因为它已经在市场上站稳了脚跟”；d选项“因为它是和微软合作开发的”。根据题干定位到第二段第二句话…asthecompanyhasgaineditsroleinprovidingthehardwarefortheinternet.（……当该公司已经在为互联网提供硬件方面获得了自己的角色），c选项是这句话的同义替换，所以答案选c；文中没有提及股价上升的具体时间也没有说该公司加入了微软，所以a、b、d选项错误。
第3题:事实细节题。题干:那个公司是现在美国第二大的公司。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句话ithasbeenovertakenbygeneralelectric,nowworth$506billion,intel,worth$441billionandciscosystems,$436billion.（它已经被价值5060亿美元的通用电气、价值4410亿美元的英特尔和价值4360亿美元的思科系统所超越。）微软原本是第一，后来被这三家公司超过，排在第二的是因特尔公司，所以答案选b。
第4题:事实细节题。题干:下列哪一家公司是通用电气和微软共同拥有的？根据题干定位到第三段最后一句…anditsfinancialnewssubsidiary,cnbc,andironically,ajointventurewithmicrosofttoprovidenewsontheinternet.（以及它的金融新闻子公司cnbc，讽刺的是，这是它与微软成立的一家提供互联网新闻的合资公司。），因此答案选c。
第5题:判断推理题。题干:为什么微软很难留住员工？a选项“因为他们面临一个不确定的未来”b选项“因为他们很难做到创新”；c选项“因为它将发不出工资”；d选项“因为总有一天它会被对手买下”根据题干定位到最后一段第二句话itcouldalsofacedifficultyinrecruitingandretainingemployeeswhosepayhasbeenboostedbytheirshareoptions.（该公司还可能在招聘和留住员工方面面临困难，这些员工的工资由他们的股票期权推动）和第四句话itcouldsufferfurtherlossesfromlawsuitsbroughtbycompetitors,whowouldbeabletoclaimtripledamagesforanylossessuffered.（如果竞争对手提起诉讼，它可能会遭受更大的损失，而竞争对手则可以就其遭受的任何损失要求三倍的赔偿）。从这两句可以看出员工工资随着股票的涨动而动，但是微软可能还会遭受另一些诉讼，所以答案选a，c选项文章没有提及；定位到文章最后一段最后一句话andwithitsenergyandresourcestiedupinthelawsuits,thecompanymayfinditdifficulttocontinuetoinnovateinthefuture,ormovesoaggressivelytobuyupcompetitors.（由于公司的能源和资源都被官司缠身，该公司可能会发现在未来很难继续创新，或采取激进的行动收购竞争对手。）由此可知文章指的是微软现在已经不能把对手买下了，不是被对手买下，所以错误；而不能创新不是不能留住员工的原因，所以c不能选。
10.问答题
thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalledsteam.chemicallythereisno
a
b
differencebetweenthegas,theliquid,andthesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswith
c
d
theformulah20.
【答案】试题答案:d;are
【解析】考查主谓一致。which指代的是hegas,theliquid,andthesolid，故谓语be动词用复数形are。
11.单选题
doctorsareinterestedinusinglasersassurgicaltoolsinoperationsonpeoplewhoarepronetoheartattack.
问题1选项
a.areinfectiousto
b.areaccessibleto
c.aredisposedof
d.aresusceptibleto
【答案】d
【解析】考查词组词义辨析。a选项areinfectiousto“有传染性”；b选项areaccessibleto“都可以访问”；c选项aredisposedof“正在处理”；d选项aresusceptibleto“易受”。句意:医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heartattack（心脏病）可排除a选项，b选项及c选项不符合句意也可排除，d选项aresusceptibleto“易受”最符合题意，因此d选项正确。
12.单选题
ofthegreatvarietyofopinionsconcerning“marriageformoney”，thefollowingthreeareimportantwithreferencetothedevelopmentoftheimportanceofmoney.marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.thedisparagementofpersonaldignitythatnowadaysarisesineverymarriagethatisnotbasedonpersonalaffection―sothatasenseofdecencyrequirestheconcealmentofeconomicmotives—doesnotexistinsimplercultures.thereasonforthisdevelopmentisthatincreasingindividualizationmakesitincreasinglycontradictoryanddiscreditabletoenterintopurelyindividualrelationshipsforotherthanpurelyindividualreasons.
fornowadaysthechoiceofapartnerinmarriageisnolongerdeterminedbysocialmotives(thoughregardfortheoffspringmaybeconsideredtobesuchamotive),insofarassocietydoesnotinsistuponthecouple’sequalsocialstatus―acondition,however,thatprovidesagreatdealoflatitudeandonlyrarelyleadstoconflictsbetweenindividualandsocialinterests.inaquiteundifferentiatedsocietyitmayberelativelyirrelevantwhomarrieswhom,irrelevantnotonlyforthemutualrelationshipofthecouplebutalsofortheoffspring.thisisbecausewheretheconstitutions,stateofhealth,temperament,internalandexternalformsoflifeandorientationsarelargelythesamewithinthegroup,thechancethatthechildrenwillturnoutwelldependslessuponwhethertheparentsagreeandcomplementeachotherthanitdoesinhighlydifferentiatedsociety.itthereforeseemsquitenaturalandexpedientthatthechoiceofthepartnershouldbedeterminedbyreasonsotherthanpurelyindividualaffection.yetpersonalattractionshouldbedecisiveinahighlyindividualizedsocietywhereaharmoniousrelationshipbetweentwoindividualsbecomesincreasinglyrare.
thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.yetwedonotpossessanyothercriterionandindicationfortheadvisabilityofmarriageexceptmutualinstinctiveattraction.but,happinessisapurelypersonalmatter,decideduponentirelybythecouplethemselves,andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts—nomatterhowmuchotherconditionsmayaffectthefinalresults,itremainstruethat,withreferencetoprocreation,loveisdecidedlysuperiortomoneyasafactorselection.infact,inthisrespect,itistheonlyrightandproperthing.
marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether—anditshouldbeconsideredasafactorindegenerationtothesameextenttowhichtheundoubteddifferentiationofindividualsmakesselectionbypersonalattractionmoreandmoreimportant.thiscasetooillustratesoncemorethattheincreasingindividualizationwithinsocietyrendersmoneyincreasinglyunsuitableasamediatorofpurelyindividualrelationships.
1.accordingtothetext,whatissaidtoinfluencematrimonialcompatibilityandstabilityinsimplercultures?
2.marriagesmotivatedbymonetaryaspirationsaremorelikelynottobecamouflagedinwhatstrataofsociety?
3.themarriagerateissaidtobedecreasingbecause（
）.
4.howisthequestionofraceinrelationtomarriagesimilartothequestionofmoney?
5.panmixiaissaidto（
）.
问题1选项
a.personaldignity
b.economicdecline
c.monetaryconsiderations
d.financialgrowth
问题2选项
a.upper
b.middle
c.lower
d.lowest
问题3选项
a.wedemandtoomuchofourpartners
b.partnersdon’tgivecompliments
c.peoplearetoodifferentiatedsocially
d.theeconomicdisparityinmanyregionsisgrowing
问题4选项
a.theyfuelmutualinstinctualattraction.
b.theyinspireindividualresponsibilities.
c.theydeflectsuperficialrelationships.
d.theyprohibitsuitablemarriages.
问题5选项
a.aidtheselectionprocess
b.complementindividualization
c.inspirepositiveresults
d.setupbiologicaldecline
【答案】第1题:c
第2题:d
第3题:c
第4题:d
第5题:d
【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的marriagesbasedexclusivelyuponeconomicmotiveshavenotonlyexistedinallperiodsandatallstagesofdevelopment,butareparticularlycommonamongprimitivegroupsandconditionswheretheydonotcauseanyoffenceatall.（完全基于经济动机的婚姻不仅存在于所有时期和发展的所有阶段，而且在原始群体和根本不构成犯罪的条件下尤其普遍）可知经济因素影响婚姻的兼容性和稳定性，因此c选项“货币因素”符合题意。
2.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的andtherewouldbenocompellingreasonfortheofficialinsistenceonatleastpretendinglovemaybemisleading—particularlyinthehigherstrata,whosecomplicatedcircumstancesoftenretardthegrowthofthepurestinstincts（官方坚持至少假装爱可能会误导人，这是没有说服力的理由的——尤其是在高层，他们复杂的环境常常阻碍最纯粹本能的发展）可推测以金钱愿望为动机的婚姻在社会的高层，更可能伪装，相反，在社会的最低层，最不可能伪装，因此选d。
3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的thedecliningfrequencyofmarriagewhichistobefoundeverywhereinhighlycivilizedculturalcircumstancesisundoubtedlydue,inpart,tothefactthathighlydifferentiatedpeopleingeneralhavedifficultyinfindingacompletelysympatheticcomplementtothemselves.（在高度文明的文化环境中随处可见的结婚率下降的部分原因是，高度分化的人很难找到一个完全与符合自己的互补）可知结婚率下降的部分原因是很难找到与自己互补的人，说明人们之间的差异大，因此c选项“人们在社会上的差异太大”符合题意。
4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的inthecaseofmarriageformoney,theunionofacoupleisdeterminedbyafactorthathasabsolutelynothingtodowithracialappropriateness—justastheregardformoneyoftenenoughkeepsapartacouplewhoreallybelongtogether（在为钱而结婚的情况下，一对夫妇的结合是由一个与种族适当性完全无关的因素决定的，就像对金钱的重视常常会使真正属于一对夫妇的人分开一样）可知d选项“他们阻止合适的婚姻”符合题意。
5.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的marriageformoneydirectlycreatesasituationofpanmixia—theindiscriminatepairingregardlessofindividualqualities―aconditionthatbiologyhasdemonstratedtobethecauseofthemostdirectanddetrimentaldegenerationofthehumanspecies.（为钱而结婚直接造成了一种无差别的情况——不分个人素质的不分青红皂白的配对——生物学已经证明，这种情况是导致人类物种最直接和最有害的退化的原因）可知d选项“引发生物衰退”符合题意。
13.单选题
everyoneknowsthatthespeedofanairplane___thatofaship.
问题1选项
a.transplants
b.transfers
c.transcends
d.transforms
【答案】c
【解析】【选项释义】
a.transplants移植b.transfers转移
c.transcends胜过，超越d.transforms转换
【考查点】形近词辨析。
【解题思路】空格处的that指代的是speed，也就是说比较飞机与船的速度。c选项transcends“胜过，超越”符合句子逻辑。
【干扰项排除】a、b、d选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。
【句意】大家都知道飞机的速度快于轮船的速度。
14.单选题
ifyoubecomereconciledtoyourlot,youwillnevergetanewstartinlife.
问题1选项
a.submissive
b.resistant
c.tolerable
d.committed
【答案】a
【解析】考查形容词辨析。reconcile表示“和解，调节”；a项submissive“顺从的，服从的”，b项resistant“抵抗的，反抗的”，c项tolerable“可以容忍的”，d项committed“坚定的，忠诚的”。句意:如果你甘心于自己的命运，你将永远无法重新开始生活。根据句意可知a项正确。
15.单选题
somethingssimplycannotbealteredand（）peopleacceptthis,notwastingenergyontryingtodotheimpossible.
问题1选项
a.rough
b.plastic
c.harsh
d.resilient
【答案】d
【解析】考查形容词辨析。a项rough“粗糙的”，b项plastic“塑料的”，c项harsh“严厉的、刺耳的”，d项resilient“可迅速恢复的、坚韧的”；句意:有些东西根本无法改变，有韧性的人能接受这一点，不会浪费精力来做不可能的事。因此d选项正确。
16.单选题
innovember1970yukiomishima,togetherwithsomeofhisfanaticalfollowersfromtheultranationalisticshieldsocietywhichhehadfoundedin1966,brokeintotheheadquartersofjapan’seasterndefenseforcesarmedwithswordsanddaggers,overpoweredsomeaides,tiedupthecommandinggeneral,anddemandedthatthetroopsbeassembledtohearaspeech.mishimaaddressedthetroopsfortenminutes,incitingthemtorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernmentimposedbytheunitedstatesthathad,inhiswords,“turnedjapanspineless”.receivingonlyridiculeinresponse,hereturnedtothegeneral’sofficeandthere,beforethegeneral’sunbelievingeyes,proceededtokillhimselfinstrictaccordancewiththetraditionalsamurairitualofseppuku.aftermishimahaddrivenadaggerdeepintohisleftabdomen,oneofhisaidesseveredhisheadwithasword.theaidelikewisekilledhimselfandwasbeheaded;theotherssurrendered.
in1936therehadbeenasimilarrevoltand,thoughequallyunsuccessful,ithadforeshadowedtherepressiveregimeofgeneraltojothatwastostagetheattackonpearlharborin1941.thatearlierrevoltistheonereferredtoinpatriotism,oneofmishima’smostpowerfulstories.herelifeandfictionbecomejoined.theactofseppukuwasformishimaafulfillment,“theultimatedreamofmylife.”bornofanancientsamuraifamily,helongedtodieahero’sdeathinaccordancewiththeancientsamuraicode;buthisweakbodykepthimfromserviceinthewar,andhehadtocompensatethroughbodybuilding(hebecameexpertatkarateandkendo)and,mostimportant,throughthedisciplineofwriting.inhisshortlifetimeheturnedouttwentynovels,thirtyplays,manyessays,andmorethaneightystories:healsoproduced,directed,andactedinmovies,andevensangonstage.hisfirstbookofstories,aforestinflower,appearedin1943,butitwasconfessionofamask(1948),dealingwiththemeditationsofayoungmanofhomosexualleaningsinarepressivesociety,thatbroughthimfame.
mishimahasbeencalled“japan’shemingway,”whileothershavecomparedhimto“aesthetic”writerslikewalterpeterandoscarwilde.
1.thearticleimpliesthat（）.
2.theaimoftherebelledbymishimawas（）.
3.inthe1970rebel,thespeechmadebymishima（）.
4.whatistrueaccordingtothearticle?
5.mishimabecameawell-knownwriterafterhehad（）.
问题1选项
a.mishimarefusedtojointhearmywhenhewasyoung
b.mishimahasbeenregardedasalunaticwriter
c.mishimaisapersonwhoishardtodefine
d.criticsallagreethatmishimaisanaestheticwriter
问
题2选项
a.tocapturethecommandinggeneral
b.tourgethegovernmenttodeclareawaragainstamerica
c.toincitethesoldierstorebelagainsttheconstitutionalgovernment
d.toforcetheemperor
